Reaction between a terminal alkyne, a strong acid, and mercury (II) sulfate. Using Mark’s rule to determine the regiochemistry of addition, and the mechanism of acid-catalyzed tautomerization. Created by Jay.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/alkenes-alkynes/alkyne-reactions/v/hydroboration-oxidation-of-alkynes?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=organicchemistry
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Organic Chemistry on Khan Academy: Carbon can form covalent bonds with itself and other elements to create a mind-boggling array of structures. In organic chemistry, we will learn about the reactions chemists use to synthesize crazy carbon based structures, as well as the analytical methods to characterize them. We will also think about how those reactions are occurring on a molecular level with reaction mechanisms. Simply put, organic chemistry is like building with molecular Legos. Let’s make some beautiful organic molecules!
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Chad covers the Hydration of Alkynes in this lesson. He begins with a review of the three alkene hydration reactions: 1) acid-catalyzed hydration (Markovnikov), 2) oxymercuration-demercuration (Markovnikov), and 3) hydroboration-oxidation (anti-Markovnikov). He then relates to these three alkene reactions the two alkyne hydration reactions: 1) acid-catalyzed hydration (Markovnikov) and 2) hydroboration-oxidation (anti-Markovnikov). He shows that the addition of one equivalent of H2O across the alkyne results in an enol which tautomerizes to either a ketone or an aldehyde. Chad concludes the lesson by showing the mechanisms for Keto-Enol Tautomerization, both acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed which commonly appear on undergraduate exams covering the alkyne material.
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, and practice exams, check out my premium course at https://www.chadsprep.com/organic-chemistry-course-youtube
00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:33 Review of the Hydration of Alkenes
01:40 Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes (Markovnikov)
05:56 Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkynes (anti-Markovnikov)
09:36 Hydration of Internal Alkynes
11:33 Keto-Enol Tautomerization
13:22 Keto-Enol Tautomerization Mechanism (Acid-Catalyzed)
14:37 Keto-Enol Tautomerization Mechanism (Base-Catalyzed)
Are you looking for the best Hydration Packs on Amazon in 2022? This video breaks down the top 10 Best Hydration Backpacks for Camping, Hiking, Running & Outdoor on the market.
#hydrationpacks #camping #hydrationpacksforhiking Video Rating: / 5
Top 10 Best Hydration Packs for MTB, Running & Hiking
Are you looking for the best hydration packs for mountain biking, running, hiking and dirt biking of 2021? These are some of the best hydration packs for mountain biking, running, hiking and dirt biking we found so far:
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There’s nothing quite like the thrill of boosting yourself over a summit, barreling down an unexplored, back-country trail by foot, or speeding along a steep descent on two wheels. The adventure-driven among us know that nothing is quite as good as getting out in nature and pushing your body to its limits.
But nothing burdens the experience like carrying around a heavy water bottle, or worse — having to rummage through your backpack for it every time you want to rehydrate. That’s where functional, perfectly compact hydration packs come in.
Hydration packs, born of thrill-seekers’ desire for hands-free sipping during activity, are the key to nonstop outdoor adventures and extra-hot days. Many popular packs are slender and lightweight, spacious enough for just a canteen of water. Others are larger, like standard hiking backpacks, to store more gear.
When you’re shopping for a hydration pack, you first want to make sure the pack is designed for the activity you intend to use it for, and then consider things like capacity, fit and extra features.
With a greater variety of hydration packs available today than ever before, we’ve narrowed down your search by researching and testing the best options available. We’ve made this review as comprehensive and detailed as possible to help aid in your decision making.
Each model was rated across several key performance metrics, including hydration system quality, storage volume, and carrying comfort. No matter where your next adventure takes you, we’ll help you find the best hydration pack to meet your needs.
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#hydrationpack #hydrationpack2021 #hiking #camping #survival best hydration pack 2021, best hydration pack 2020, hydration pack review, top hydration packs 2021, best hydration pack for mountain biking 2021, best hydration pack for running 2021, best hydration pack for hiking 2021. Video Rating: / 5
A quick guide on how to easy it is to calculate the correct amount of water an individual should drink per day. The calculator takes into consideration factors such as weight, how active you are, altitude, and weather to calculate hydration need. The results also give you a suggested plan on how many glasses of water you should take and spreads it out throughout the day. Great tool, to at least have an idea on how much water to take daily.
